Exegesis of Quran Surahs
Surah Al-Ma’arij (Surah 70)
Surah Al-Ma’arij (Surah 70) – “The Ascending Stairways”
This Makki surah addresses the inevitability of the Day of Judgment, the arrogance of disbelievers, and the qualities of the righteous. It begins with a dramatic challenge from a disbeliever demanding the punishment of God, to which the surah replies by painting a powerful image of the afterlife and divine justice.
Basic Information
- Verses: 44
- Period: Makkan
- Main Theme: Day of Judgment, Human Nature, and the Contrast between Believers and Rejecters.
Key Themes and Tafsir Summary
1. A Challenge to Divine Punishment (Verses 1–3)
“A questioner asked about a punishment bound to happen…”
A skeptic mocks the Prophet by asking sarcastically about when the promised punishment will come. God responds: It is real, and it is near.
2. The Dreadful Day (Verses 4–7)
“The angels and the Spirit will ascend to Him in a Day the measure of which is fifty thousand years.”
The length and gravity of the Day of Judgment is beyond human comprehension. Even the angels are overwhelmed.
“So be patient with gracious patience.” (70:5)
The Prophet is instructed to stay calm despite mockery—truth will prevail.
3. Description of the Day (Verses 8–18)
“The sky will be like molten brass, and the mountains will be like wool…”
Even strong elements of creation will disintegrate. On that Day:
- A man will flee from his family, seeking to save himself.
- No ransom or bribe will help.
- The disbeliever would prefer to sacrifice even his family just to be saved—but it will be too late.
4. Human Impatience and Selfishness (Verses 19–21)
“Indeed, man was created anxious: when evil touches him, impatient; and when good touches him, withholding.”
The nature of humans is revealed: restless, greedy, and self-centered—except those who discipline themselves.
5. Traits of the Righteous (Verses 22–35)
The exception to this weak human nature are those who:
- Are constant in prayer
- Acknowledge the rights of the poor
- Believe in the Day of Judgment
- Fear the punishment of their Lord
- Guard their modesty
- Are trustworthy and honest
- Maintain their prayers consistently
These qualities reflect the ethical and spiritual discipline needed to thrive in both this life and the hereafter.
6. The Arrogance of the Disbelievers (Verses 36–44)
“What is the matter with those who disbelieve… rushing toward you?”
They mock and belittle, thinking they are in control.
But no intercession, no wealth, and no allies will help them.
“On the Day when they will emerge from the graves rapidly, as if they were racing to a goal.”
Faces will be humbled, humiliated, and full of fear.
Key Lessons
- The Day of Judgment is real, long, and terrifying—preparedness is vital.
- Arrogance and mocking religion will backfire on the Day of Truth.
- Human nature tends to selfishness, but the righteous develop spiritual discipline.
- Prayer, charity, modesty, honesty, and belief in accountability define the successful ones.
Practical Reflections
- Take prayer seriously—not just rituals, but as a tool for spiritual development.
- Guard your character: honesty, modesty, and generosity are not optional.
- Don’t be swayed by those who mock or chase temporary pleasures—focus on the eternal reality.